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Biogas purification

Modes of purification

Whatever the valorisation of biogas (heat or electricity), the presence of a very large variety of components in the biogas, of which some, like the hydrogen sulphide have poisonous and corrosive properties which impose the implementation of biogas purification.

Usage	Boiler combustion and process	Electricity production and cogeneration	Biogas fuel	Injection in the natural gas grid
Purification requirement	De-hydratation Desulphurization (if necessary)	De-hydratation De-sulphurization (if necessary)	Decarbonising Dehydration Desulphurization Elimination of organo-halogen (if necessary) Elimination of heavy metals (if necessary)
Period of valorisation	Throughout the year	During winter	Throughout the year
Development phase of the solution	Industrially tested solutions	Industrially tested solutions	Solutions tested industrially in Sweden (STEP) pilot phase in France	Unit controls in the Netherlands, pilot phase in France

Biogas usage in industry

Examples of low risk applications 

• Lime and cements manufacture (these materials collect the Sulphate)
• Tiles and bricks manufacture (if the dehydration is powerful) 
• Boilers (if the dehydration is powerful)

Examples of prohibited applications

• Direct use of biogas during the manufacture of food products (dairy, drying of cereals, bakery/pastry making…) - Health risk of interaction of the combustion products with food 
• Greenhouses if CO2 injection
  Risk of phytotoxicity (by assimilation of the unburnt residues such as aromatic, phenols)
• Direct heating of industrial liquids (baths of heat treatment)
  Pollution risk of the baths (in particular by mercury)
• Direct heating of the buildings
  Health risk by emission of toxic products
• Application of heat treatment (in metallurgy)
  Need for a perfectly controlled atmosphere
• Applications using catalysts (catalytic reduction of the Nox, catalytic radiants)
  Inhibition of catalyst (in particular by sulphur and halogenous products)
• Decoration on glass and fine ceramics (medical porcelains, squares…)
  Need for a perfectly controlled atmosphere
  
  

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